I found this image from Buffaloah.com. I love the classic look of this newel and baluster set. The newel is classical fluted Greek complete with hand carved capital. The balusters are alternating between fluted, plain and barley twisted. And I also like the way the handrail is raised to accommodate the height of the beautiful newel and then lowered for the balusters.  The cap on top the newel is a square cap that carries he same profile as the newel.  Even if you don ot like something this ornate for your home you have to appreciated the design and work that went into this old staircase. The wood species is probably white oak.